CEO power and annual report reading difficulty

We examine the impact of CEO power on reading difficulty of corporate annual reports. We find that CEO power is positively related to reading difficulty, implying that annual reports of corporations with powerful CEOs are difficult to read and understand. More importantly, we find that the relation between CEO power and reading difficulty is moderated by earnings performance or corporate governance. Additional findings suggest that this relation becomes stronger for firms with lower financial reporting quality or for CEOs with shorter tenure. Our study not only joins the debate on the consequences of powerful CEOs but also uncovers several factors that moderate the relation between CEO power and annual report reading difficulty.     

中小家族企业的创新经济学分析

创新经济学将技术创新在企业、研究机构等经济体中的发展作为主要研究对象,企业家的创新同样也是增长的动力;对我国一些地区中小家族企业的调研表明,立足于新技术、新管理和创新人才的支持是加入世界贸易组织后企业创新的进展。本文结合实际材料,对这两方面的研究展开了分析。     

基于发展核电的生态经济价值及其伦理思考

发展核电、开发利用核能充满复杂而多层次的价值矛盾，在巨大的生态与经济利益和风险之间．核电对生态环境及人类安全的威胁问题倍受社会各界的关注．并由此引发了一系列价值难题和伦理争论，成为影响核电发展的关键。核电的安全、可持续发展不仅仅是技术问题，还涉及一系列的伦理问题，要保证核电可持续发展并有益于生态环境保护且不损害人类利益，不能犯“技术决定论”的错误．必须辅之以伦理之轨。伦理之轨通过深入核电发展链的各个环节．对核电发展进行伦理价值观的批判和引导．参与战略选择使之得以规约．并保障核电发展有益于人类合的目的性价值得以实现。     

A Model of the Representation of Interests in a Compound Democracy

This paper provides a model of democratic government as a compound of independent elective and non elective centers of power that compete in fostering the demands of voters and of interest groups. The analysis describes how interests of voters and of pressure groups are represented and under what conditions the compound democracy is more responsive to voters' or to interest groups' demands. These conditions are shown to depend on the center of power's relative opportunity costs at serving a plurality of interests and on the severeness of informational asymmetries between voters and interest groups.     

Economic Potential of Biomass Based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation

Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuelcombustion thereby also reducing net greenhousegas emissions. However, subsidies are neededto make agricultural biofuel productioneconomically feasible. To explore the economicpotential of biofuels in a greenhouse gasmitigation market, we incorporate data onproduction and biofuel processing for thedesignated energy crops switchgrass, hybridpoplar, and willow in an U.S. AgriculturalSector Model along with data on traditionalcrop-livestock production and processing, andafforestation of cropland. Net emissioncoefficients on all included agriculturalpractices are estimated through crop growthsimulation models or taken from the literature. Potential emission mitigation policies ormarkets are simulated via hypothetical carbonprices. At each carbon price level, theAgricultural Sector Model computes the newmarket equilibrium, revealing agriculturalcommodity prices, regionally specificproduction, input use, and welfare levels,environmental impacts, and adoption ofalternative management practices such asbiofuel production. Results indicate no rolefor biofuels below carbon prices of $40 perton of carbon equivalent. At these incentivelevels, emission reductions via reduced soiltillage and afforestation are more costefficient. For carbon prices above $70,biofuels dominate all other agriculturalmitigation strategies.     

Impacts of an EC carbon/energy tax and deregulating thermal power supply on CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions

Emission of CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x are all closely linked to the burning of fossil fuels. Here we report on simulations done by linking a Sectoral European Energy Model (SEEM), covering energy demand in nine Western European countries, with the emission-transport-deposition model RAINS developed by IIASA. The study analyses emissions of CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x, deposition of sulphur and nitrogen and the extent of areas where the critical load for sulphur is exceeded in year 2000 under four different energy scenarios. Two different sets of future behavioural patterns for the thermal electric power production sector are considered. In one regime, called the plan-efficient regime, the sector is assumed to follow official plans with regard to investment in new capacity. In the other regime, called the cost-efficient regime, the thermal power sector is assumed to behave in a cost minimizing manner. The effects of the proposed EC carbon/energy tax are studied under both regimes, giving rise to altogether four scenarios.In both regimes the effect of the EC tax is to reduce emissions by between 6 and 10 per cent in year 2000 relative to the scenarios without the tax. A change of regime, from the regulated, plan-efficient regime to the market-based, cost-efficient regime, will, by itself, reduce emissions of CO₂ and NO_x by approximately 3 per cent, while SO₂ emissions are reduced by 13 per cent. The EC tax will reduce sulphur deposition by more than 5 per cent in the nine model countries under the plan-efficient regime. A change of regime further reduces the total deposition by 9 per cent. The area where depositions exceed the critical load is reduced by approximately 6 per cent in year 2000 by the tax in both regimes. Changing from the plan-efficient to the cost-efficient regime has a similar impact.Although the emission reductions due to the EC tax may seem modest, they are shown to have a sizeable effect on the technological abatement costs of reaching targets like those prescribed in the Sofia protocol on the stabilisation of NO_x emissions, and the Helsinki protocol on SO₂ emission reductions. This is part of what can be considered to be secondary benefits of the EC carbon/energy tax.     

上市公司控制权争夺的动机及其特征

本文结合国内外研究成果以及我国当前的市场环境,对可能成为控制权争夺目标的公司会具备什么样的财务特征、股权结构以及公司治理进行了分析,以寻找上市公司控制权争夺的真正动机和目的.我们研究发现:上市公司经营业绩越差,债务比率越高,当年具有增发或配股资格,产权的可转让性越低,产权性质为国有企业和终极控制人为国有企业或政府机构时,其控制权被争夺的可能性也越高.     

关于财政总预算会计制度改革的探讨

20世纪90年代,我国预算会计改革已取得重大成就,初步建立起适应社会主义市场经济需要的预算会计体系。近年来,随着我国以预算管理为中心的财政制度的不断深化,预算会计制度的诸多问题和局限性也逐渐产生和显现出来,面临着如何作进一步的改革问题。本文通过分析现行财政总预算会计制度的基本特点,探讨财政总预算会计制度存在的问题,并为进一步改进财政总预算会计制度的核算和管理提出一些看法。     

论公权伦理的性质、对象与意义

公权的特有属性决定其总会以异化的形式出现,应该从伦理层面寻找新的更深层次的救治途径。公权伦理建设有益于现代社会伦理道德普遍正当性的实现,公权伦理的研究对象和主要内容包括法的意义上的权利关系伦理、公权运行中的伦理、公权制度伦理、公权行使主体道德建设、执政党政治伦理道德建设和公权道德规范等。公权伦理研究和建构有利于在更高层面上探索公权运行规律和公权伦理建设规律,促进社会主义和谐社会政治文明和精神文明建设。     

城市化释义

城市是人类社会经济发展的必然结果、现代文明的标志及创新的载体,是政治、经济、文化、教育和信息中心,具有集聚、规模和辐射等功能效应。2000余年来,城市内涵随历史发展不断丰富。城市化一词的出现至今也有百余年历史,不同学科对城市化理解不同。其实质是一个以人为中心、受众多因素影响的复杂多变的软硬件系统化过程,是从传统向现代全面转型和变迁的过程。不仅是农业人口向非农、并向城镇的聚集,而且是城镇在空间数量、区域规模、功能作用诸方面的扩大,以及城市经济关系、居民生活方式改变的过程。城市化与城镇化、农村城市化、农村城镇化及城乡一体化等相关新概念有所区别。从区位论、结构论、人口迁移论、非均衡增长论到生态学派论,从梯度推移、增长极与地域生产综合论到产业集群论的演进,体现了城市化发展理论的深化。不同学者时城市化“推拉”动力机制认识不同。不同阶段和同一发展阶段的不同地区,动力机制相异。中国现阶段城市化动力机制包括：农业工业化推动、比较利益驱动、农业刺余贡献和制度变迁促进等。